- Cheap, mass-produced drones are upending Western air defense — traditional expensive interceptors can’t cost-effectively stop swarms (e.g., $20k Shahed drones vs ~$3.7M Patriot missiles).
- NATO needs lots of cheaper defenses and new tactics — think interceptor drones, better sensors, electronic warfare, and scaling industry — with Ukraine’s improvised solutions as a model.
- Even then, countries may not be able to protect everything: homelands are more vulnerable, command-and-control must be dispersed, and hard choices about what to defend will be necessary.
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