- The EU says it will monitor any "return hubs" in non‑EU countries and have deals vetted by the IOM and UNHCR to ensure rejected asylum seekers' rights are protected.
- Greece, Germany, Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands are negotiating with African countries to set up such hubs, aiming to have them running by 2027.
- Human rights groups warn the hubs could become long‑term holding sites, while EU officials defend the new pact and point to big drops in irregular arrivals.
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