- Iran says it has a more capable solid-fueled missile (Qassem Basir) and is embracing a "pre‑emptive" doctrine, even claiming it was tested against a U.S. warship after recent missile launches at U.S. vessels.
- The Strait of Hormuz has become a flashpoint—Tehran proposes an "exclusion zone," while the U.S. insists the waterway stays open, says it cleared mines, and many commercial transits have been rerouted.
- Attacks on commercial tankers have killed and missing crew, alarmed Gulf states, and prompted strong condemnations from the UAE and Arab League, with officials warning rebuilding trust could take decades.
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